A) The primary symptoms at low exposure have been headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and pulmonary irritation.
B) Fulminant hepatic failure and death occurred in a worker exposed to a 2-nitropropane-containing coating for 3 days in a poorly ventilated vault. A coworker survived the exposure with mildly elevated liver function tests for 12 months following the exposure.
0.2.1.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE
A) Chronic exposures to higher levels have been associated with hepatic damage. This agent is currently being evaluated as a potential hepatic carcinogen.
0.2.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS
A) At the time of this review, no studies on the possible reproductive hazards of 2-nitropropane were found in humans.
0.2.21 CARCINOGENICITY
0.2.21.1 IARC CATEGORY
A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS79-46-9 (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004):
1) IARC Classification
a) Listed as: 2-Nitropropane
b) Carcinogen Rating: 2B
1) The agent (mixture) is possibly carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are possibly carcinogenic to humans. This category is used for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. It may also be used when there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In some instances, an agent, mixture or exposure circumstance for which there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but limited evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals together with supporting evidence from other relevant data may be placed in this group.
B) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS121-44-8 (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004):
1) Not Listed
0.2.21.2 HUMAN OVERVIEW
A) In one epidemiological study, workers exposed to 2-nitropropane did not have increased incidence of cancer or other diseases.
0.2.21.3 ANIMAL OVERVIEW
A) 2-Nitropropane has caused liver tumors in rats, as well as tumors of the lip, tongue and esophagus. In another study, it did not cause liver tumors in rats, but did cause liver damage.
0.2.22 GENOTOXICITY
A) 2-Nitropropane was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium and induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes (Kohl et al, 1994), although other genetic assays have produced mixed results.
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