USEPA, Office of Pesticide Programs-Environmental Fate and Effects Division; Environmental Fate and Effects Risk Assessment for Azinphos-methyl p.36 (July 15, 1999). Available from, as of November 20, 2003: <http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/op/azinphos/efed_azm_revised.pdf/>.
LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) game farm obtained, age 14 days; oral via capsule 488 ppm for 8 days (95% confidence interval: 394-601 ppm)
Hill EF et al; USFWS Special Sci Rpt-Wildlife No.191: 61 (1975) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of May 20, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
LC50; Species: Coturnix japonica (Japanese Quail) captive breeding colony, age 9 days; oral via capsule 639 ppm for 8 days (95% confidence interval: 572-796 ppm)
Hill EF et al; USFWS Special Sci Rpt-Wildlife No.191: 61 (1975) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of May 20, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
LC50; Species: Phasianus colchicus (Ring-Necked Pheasant) game farm obtained, age 22 days; oral via capsule 1821 ppm for 8 days (95% confidence interval: 1355-2468 ppm)
Hill EF et al; USFWS Special Sci Rpt-Wildlife No.191: 61 (1975) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of May 20, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
USEPA/OPP, EFED; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of May 20, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard Duck) captive breeding colony, age 10 days; oral via capsule 1940 ppm for 8 days (95% confidence interval: 978-4506 ppm)
Hill EF et al; USFWS Special Sci Rpt-Wildlife No.191: 61 (1975) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of May 20, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard Duck) oral via capsule 136 mg/kg (95% confidence interval: 97.8-188 mg/kg)
USEPA/OPP, EFED; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of May 20, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
USEPA/OPP, EFED; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of May 20, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
LC50; Species: Apis mellifera (Honey Bee) worker; topical (foliar spray) 3.36 ug/bee for 13 days
USEPA/OPP, EFED; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of May 20, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
USEPA/OPP, EFED; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of May 20, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
USEPA/OPP, EFED; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of May 20, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
USEPA, Office of Pesticide Programs-Environmental Fate and Effects Division; Environmental Fate and Effects Risk Assessment for Azinphos-methyl p.38 (July 15, 1999). Available from, as of November 20, 2003: <http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/op/azinphos/efed_azm_revised.pdf/>.
USEPA, Office of Pesticide Programs-Environmental Fate and Effects Division; Environmental Fate and Effects Risk Assessment for Azinphos-methyl p.38 (July 15, 1999). Available from, as of November 20, 2003: <http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/op/azinphos/efed_azm_revised.pdf/>.
USEPA, Office of Pesticide Programs-Environmental Fate and Effects Division; Environmental Fate and Effects Risk Assessment for Azinphos-methyl p.38 (July 15, 1999). Available from, as of November 20, 2003: <http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/op/azinphos/efed_azm_revised.pdf/>.
LC50; Species: Microtus canicaudus (Gray-tailed vole) dietary 406 ppm for 5 days (95% confidence interval: 312-858 ppm) /99.1% purity; from table/
USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Risks of Azinphos Methyl Use to the Federally Listed California Red Legged Frog (Rana aurora draytonii). p.66 Identification Number: EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0941-0057 (July 2007). Available from, as of July 14, 2012: <http://www.regulations.gov/#!home/>.
USEPA, Office of Pesticide Programs-Environmental Fate and Effects Division; Environmental Fate and Effects Risk Assessment for Azinphos-methyl p.52 (July 15, 1999). Available from, as of November 20, 2003: <http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/op/azinphos/efed_azm_revised.pdf/>.
USEPA, Office of Pesticide Programs-Environmental Fate and Effects Division; Environmental Fate and Effects Risk Assessment for Azinphos-methyl p.52 (July 15, 1999). Available from, as of November 20, 2003: <http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/op/azinphos/efed_azm_revised.pdf/>.
LC50; Species: Rana ridibunda (Lowland frog) 20 day old tadpoles; Concentration: 7180 ug/L for 24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/ /Gusathion-M, 23% ai; from table/
USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Risks of Azinphos Methyl Use to the Federally Listed California Red Legged Frog (Rana aurora draytonii). p.56 Identification Number: EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0941-0057 (July 2007). Available from, as of July 14, 2012: <http://www.regulations.gov/#!home/>.
LC50; Species: Rana pipiens (Northern Leopard frog) stage 8 embryo; Concentration: >5000 ug/L for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/ /Guthion 50WP, 50% ai; from table/
USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Risks of Azinphos Methyl Use to the Federally Listed California Red Legged Frog (Rana aurora draytonii). p.56 Identification Number: EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0941-0057 (July 2007). Available from, as of July 14, 2012: <http://www.regulations.gov/#!home/>.
LC50; Species: Bufo americanus (American toad) stage 8 embryo; Concentration: >5000 ug/L for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/ /Guthion 50WP, 50% ai; from table/
USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Risks of Azinphos Methyl Use to the Federally Listed California Red Legged Frog (Rana aurora draytonii). p.56 Identification Number: EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0941-0057 (July 2007). Available from, as of July 14, 2012: <http://www.regulations.gov/#!home/>.
LC50; Species: Pseudacris regilla (Pacific treefrog) 3 wk old tadpole; Concentration: 4140 ug/L for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/ /Guthion technical; from table/
USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Risks of Azinphos Methyl Use to the Federally Listed California Red Legged Frog (Rana aurora draytonii). p.56 Identification Number: EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0941-0057 (July 2007). Available from, as of July 14, 2012: <http://www.regulations.gov/#!home/>.
LC50; Species: Pseudacris regilla (Pacific treefrog) 5 wk old tadpole; Concentration: 1470 ug/L for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/ /Guthion 2S, 22% ai; from table/
USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Risks of Azinphos Methyl Use to the Federally Listed California Red Legged Frog (Rana aurora draytonii). p.56 Identification Number: EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0941-0057 (July 2007). Available from, as of July 14, 2012: <http://www.regulations.gov/#!home/>.
LC50; Species: Xenopus laevis (African Clawed Frog) stage 10-11 embryo; Concentration: 10,630 ug/L for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/ /Guthion technical; from table/
USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Risks of Azinphos Methyl Use to the Federally Listed California Red Legged Frog (Rana aurora draytonii). p.56 Identification Number: EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0941-0057 (July 2007). Available from, as of July 14, 2012: <http://www.regulations.gov/#!home/>.
Schuytema GS et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 54 (3): 382-8 (1995) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of May 22, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Schuytema GS et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 54 (3): 382-8 (1995) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
USEPA/OPP, EFED; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
USEPA/OPP, EFED; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Lauth JR et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 15 (5): 630-37 (1996) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Lauth JR et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 15 (5): 630-37 (1996) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Morton MG et al; Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 32 (4): 436-41 (1997) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Morton MG et al; Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 32 (4): 436-41 (1997) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
USEPA/OPP, EFED; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
USEPA/OPP, EFED; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Gaufin AR et al; Water Sewage Works 12: 276-79 (1965) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
Carter FL, Graves JB; La Agric 16 (2): 14-15 (1972) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
LC50; Species: Lepomis cyanellus (Green sunfish) weight 1.1g; Conditions: static without aeration, 18 deg C, pH 7.2-7.5, alkalinity 30-35 mg/L, hardness 40-50 mgL as CaCO3; Concentration: 52 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 28-94 ug/L) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
Stay FS, Jarvinen AW; Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 28 (4): 451-58 (1995) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Stay FS, Jarvinen AW; Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 28 (4): 451-58 (1995) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Stay FS, Jarvinen AW; Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 28 (4): 451-58 (1995) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Holcombe GW et al; Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 16: 697-710 (1987) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
USEPA/OPP, EFED; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Carter FL, Graves JB; La Agric 16 (2): 14-15 (1972) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 8, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Hemmer MJ et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 11 (3): 401-408 (1992) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 10, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 14.
Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. 2001. 239.
LC50; Species: Mercenaria mercenaria (hard clam) larvae; Conditions: static lab bioassay; Concentration: 860 ppb for 12 days
Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. 2001. 239.
LC50; Species: Palaemonetes kadiakensis (Grass Shrimp); Conditions: static without aeration, 21 deg C, pH 7.2-7.5, alkalinity 30-35 mg/L, hard water- 272 ppm CaCO3; Concentration: 0.13 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 0.11-0.16 ug/L) /Technical material 88-100%/
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
LC50; Species: Pteronarcys (Stonefly) second year class; Conditions: static without aeration, 15 deg C, pH 7.2-7.5, alkalinity 30-35 mg/L, hardness 40-50 mgL as CaCO3; Concentration: 1.9 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 1.5-2.4 ug/L) /Technical material, 88-100%/
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
LC50; Species: Acroneuria lycorias (Stonefly); Concentration: 1.5 ug/L for 30 day /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. 2001. 239.
LC50; Species: Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis (Rusty Snaketail); Concentration: 12.0 ug/L for 96 hr; 2.2 ug/L for 30 day /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. 2001. 239.
LC50; Species: Hydropsyche bettoni (Caddisfly); Concentration: 7.4 ug/L for 30 day /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. 2001. 239.
LC50; Species: Ephemerella subvaria (Mayfly); Concentration: 4.5 ug/L for 30 day /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. 2001. 239.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 14.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
Holcombe GW et al; Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 16: 697-710 (1987) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 10, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
USEPA/OPP, EFED; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 10, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
USEPA/OPP, EFED; Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (2000) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 10, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Ferrari A et al; Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol 139 (4): 239-43 (2004) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 10, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Marking LL, Mauck WL; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 13 (5): 518-23 (1975) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 10, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
LC50; Species: Oncorhynchus kisutch (Coho salmon) weight 0.7 g; Conditions: static without aeration, 12 deg C, pH 7.2-7.5, alkalinity 30-35 mg/L, hardness 40-50 mgL as CaCO3; Concentration: 6.1 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 5.0-7.4 ug/L) /Technical material 88-100%/
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
LC50; Species: Esox lucius (Northern pike) yolk sac fry; Conditions: static without aeration, 12 deg C, pH 7.2-7.5, alkalinity 30-35 mg/L, hardness 40-50 mgL as CaCO3; Concentration: 0.36 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 0.27-0.48 ug/L) /Technical material 88-100%/
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 14.
Stay FS, Jarvinen AW; Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 28 (4): 451-58 (1995) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 13, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Stay FS, Jarvinen AW; Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 28 (4): 451-58 (1995) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 13, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Stay FS, Jarvinen AW; Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 28 (4): 451-58 (1995) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 13, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Adelman IR et al; J Fish Res Board Can 33 (2): 203-8 (1976) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 13, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Stay FS, Jarvinen AW; Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 28 (4): 451-58 (1995) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 13, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
Holcombe GW et al; Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 16: 697-710 (1987) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of June 13, 2012: <http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/>.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
LC50; Species: Gasterosteus aculeatus (threespine stickleback); Concentration: 4.8 ppb for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. Volumes 1-2. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, NY. 2001. 240.
LC50; Species: Crangon crangon (European shrimp); Concentration: 0.33 ug/L for 48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
Portman J; Fishing News p. 212-17 (1972) as cited in USEPA/OWRS; Quality Criteria for Water 1986 Guthion (1986) EPA 440/5-86-001.
LC50; Species: Pleuronectes limanda (Saltwater flounder); Concentration: 10-30 ug/L for 48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
Portman J; Fishing News p.212-17 (1972) as cited in USEPA/OWRS; Quality Criteria for Water 1986 Guthion (1986) EPA 440/5-86-001.
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. 13.
